Redesign of a Toy Revolver Gun Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Overhaul of a Toy Revolver Gun - Assignment Example This task targets overhauling a physical item for get together and would advance DFMA as it happens in genuine designing world. The physical item chose for this task is toy gun weapon which acquired this name due to its rotating chamber comprising of numerous loads .This physical item has different part and they can be depicts as beneath; †¢ Cover of the firearm. †¢ Base of the weapon. †¢ (Hummer): to strikes the preliminary to cause start. †¢ Ejector †¢ Ejector button †¢ (Left and right hold): to deal with of the handgun. †¢ (Trigger): little switch that is crushed to begin terminating. †¢ Revolver chamber †¢ (Muzzle): the finish of the barrel (projectile or shot exist). †¢ 3 screws †¢ Compression spring †¢ 2 Torsion spring As a piece of overhauling, a table examination will be done too the image of the physical item will be anticipated.

Long story or memoir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Long story or diary - Essay Example At the point when she was twelve years of age, Chun along with her family moved to Australia. In contrast to her more established sisters, Chun didn't care for the new condition, and the abnormality of the traditions and language made her life significantly increasingly hopeless. Having experienced childhood in China, life was very surprising in Australia regarding ways of life, customs, language, and political structure. Similarly as Chun was changing in accordance with the new condition, at age 17, she found a little protuberance in her bosom, and before long, started the battle with disease. To be sure, this was a very damaging second for the whole family the greatest number of could hardly imagine how one of them would battle with the savage disease. Soon after five months since the irregularity began, her mom passed on at age 37. Both Chun’s family and the general public idea Chun mum’s demise was credited by melancholy over her little girl's quandary, and thus, Ch un started a long battle with low confidence and a profound feeling of sadness and blame. Chun accepted that she was the reason for her mother’s demise and subsequently, thought she was a reject to her whole family. In any case, after the posthumous it was understood that her mum experienced both hypertension and diabetes. The news over her daughter’s malignancy expanded her pulse, and therefore, caused her passing. During that mourning season, Chun’s family couldn't comprehend why God needed to take their mom who happened to be the wellspring of consolation to the whole family. In particular, Chun couldn't comprehend the need or significance of living as she suspected her circumstance was the reason for her mother’s passing. In spite of the numerous difficulties that the family confronted, they were advantaged to have medical attendants and specialists who gave love and sympathy to them. Chun’s treatment required the extensive and regular medical clinic stays, and subsequently she missed the majority of her school classes. Frequently, Chun felt that she had welcomed the ailment on herself and she wanted that she had an alternate ailment that included less agony and less emergency clinic remains. Her clinical treatment was extreme to the point that it included such disrupting and agonizing systems as chemotherapy and medical procedure. The treatment was all the more alarming and frightening for a youngster than it could be for a grown-up. During that time of dejection and dread of lengthier treatment, Chun built up a solid and confiding in close to home relationship with her parental figures and medical caretakers. The specialists strolled with her and actuated a solid tribute that she might one be able to day recuperate from the malady. Such consolations made a solid stage for Chun to develop her understanding that she can improve and recoup from malignant growth if just she accepts. In spite of numerous supportive gestures, Chun experienced numerous challenges and agony. In any case, she continued accepting that one day she would recoup and be a motivation to many experiencing the ailment. While in the medical clinic, Chun chose to archive a book by the subject â€Å"It Gets better on the off chance that you believe† Her fundamental object was to arrive at malignant growth patients on the most proficient method to adapt to the malady and remind specialists and attendants on the advantages of value care to patients. Chun planned to make a strong stage for perusers to comprehend her genuine experience and how she combat with malignant growth. Obviously, Chun accepting each day as a chance to learn and fathom things that one day would be a motivation to other people. She changed her mentality and grasped a positive

Oprahs Controversial Book Club Pick, AMERICAN DIRT, Casts a Long Shadow

Oprahs Controversial Book Club Pick, AMERICAN DIRT, Casts a Long Shadow On Tuesday, January 21, Oprah announced that her next book club pick would be none other than the highly anticipated and highly controversial American Dirt by Jeanine Cummins. Oprah tweeted, Like many of us, Ive read newspaper articles and watched television news stories and seen movies about the plight of families looking for a better life, but this story changed the way I see what it means to be a migrant in a whole new way. It did not take long for the media and people of Twitter and Instagram to respond to Oprahs latest pick. If you are not abreast of the controversy and developments surrounding this book, we will catch you up to speed. American Dirt dropped on January 21 and was published by Flatiron Books, an imprint of Macmillan Publishers. The books author, Jeanine Cummins, who identified as white as recently as four years ago, decided to write a narco novel about a culture, history, and people she simply cannot identify with. Despite her shortcomings, she went ahead and wrote the book, as she states in her afterword, to humanize the faceless brown mass. But served on a cold dish of irony, Cummins stated in an interview that she wished someone slightly browner than me would write it. But then I thought, if you’re a person who has the capacity to be a bridge, why not be a bridge?  So I began. But many among the Latinx community, writers and authors among them, are not buying it. What has really riled up the Latinx community are the facts that Cummins was paid a seven-figure sum for the book, a sum that was never offered to an Own Voices author, and that the book is being advertised as an authentic Mexican migrant story. This poses the question: how authentic can this book be if it was written by someone outside of this particular marginalized group? It is also being sold as a book that humanizes the migrant tale. Respected and award-winning author Natalia Sylvester retorted on Twitter: Marginalized people do not need to be humanized in literature, they are already human. And if you describe a work that you think humanizes them as also being a thriller, ask yourself why you are thrilled entertained. Ask yourself who is really lacking in humanity. Natalia Sylvester: pre-order RUNNING (@NataliaSylv) January 16, 2020 One of the most epic take-downs of Cummins and her book, and the catalyst for the ongoing debate, came from Myriam Gurba. Her American Dirt review was published in Tropics of Meta, an academic blog that publishes essays on a broad range of topics. Gurba unapologetically wrote that Jeanine Cummins wrote a book that sucks. Big time. Her book belongs to the great American tradition of doing the following: 1. Appropriating genius works by people of color, 2. Slapping a coat of mayonesa (mayonnaise) on them to make palatable to taste buds estados-unidenses, and 3. Repackaging them for mass racially colorblind consumption. Adding salt to a fresh wound, Flatiron Books hosted an American Dirt release party where guests dined around a table littered with barbed wire center pieces. One Twitter user was so hyped about the centerpieces and flowers at the event that she stated it would be impossible to ever buy flowers for Cummins again. Cummins replied with Awwjust throw me a tulip and call it a day.  The jokes kind of write themselves and are unfolding for all to see. I asked Natalia Sylvester what she thought about the event and centerpieces and here is what she said: This is a complete commodification and exploitation of immigrant pain and using barbed wire as decoration at a party is just one blatant, disgusting example. I also asked Natalia if there was any justification for what Cummins and her publisher did. She stated that there was no justification. Im infuriated by the lack of imagination its taken at every level of writing, publishing, marketing and praising this book that everyone supporting it is acting like they are suddenly discovering the humanity of immigrants. We dont need their voyeuristic gazes that only think were human when were suffering. We dont need the violent erasure that calls entire people voiceless unless theyre crying out in pain. David Bowles, another respected and award-winning author, shared Sylvesters sentiment. In a blog piece that he shared with his many Twitter followers, Bowles called Cumminss books Non-Mexican Crap. He further elaborated that her book is harmful, appropriating, inaccurate trauma-porn melodrama…Cummins has never lived even within five hundred miles of Mexico or the border. In fact, until very recently, she didnt lay claim to the Latinx heritage that comes to her through a Puerto Rican grandmother. Latina or no, Cummins certainly isnt Mexican or Chicana. Thats a problem. If you dont know this, Mexican writers are horribly underpaid. If you didnt already research this yourself, there was an actual bidding war for the rights to Cumminss book. After a nine-house auction spanning three days, Flatiron Books’ Amy Einhorn won American Dirt. Einhorn paid seven figures for the book, which Doug Stewart at Sterling Lord Literistic sold. Why was that seven-figure sum not offered to a Latinx author whose heritage and expertise aligned with Mexican culture? This speaks to the problem of publishers not doing their part to publish authentic works by authors of color, particularly those put together by Latinx authors. This book, in many ways, is the epitome of whitewashing by an author writing to appeal to the white mass. The book is littered with so many cliches and stereotypes that it is hard for any Mexican or Mexican-American to buy into the hype. Its like Americo Paredes wrote in his seminal novel George Washington Gomez: A Mexicotexan Novel: Their country! There you are. Their filthy lies are all over you already. I was born here. My father was born here and so was my grandfather and his father before him. And then they come, they come and take it, steal it and call it theirs. When I spoke to Daniel Pena, author of Bang: A Novel, about the situation, he politely commented that seven figures is way, way too much money to pay for my novel, Bang. I saw it selling for fourteen bucks yesterday. But in all honestly, he admitted that he was hurt by how it all transpired. This book and its publication have further marginalized the voices of those who can legitimately, and rightfully tell the stories of Mexican migrants. While Cummins makes light of the entire situation, authors and writers who have fought and struggled for so long to make names for themselves have to take a back seat and watch as their history and culture are further plagiarized. No matter what side of the argument you are on, I believe it is safe to acknowledge that at the very least, the criticism that Cummins has received is justified. She exploited the Latinx community for a paycheck. What has not been talked about, but should be acknowledged, is the fact that Flatiron Books, an imprint of Macmillan Publishers, is part of the machine that has embargoed ebooks for public libraries across the country. The idea is that patrons of public libraries will grow increasingly frustrated with long holds lists and just purchase the book outright instead of waiting in line. In the name of profit, all is fair in love and war, right? Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Essay on Critiquing a Qualitative Nursing Research Article

The purpose of this paper is to critique a qualitative research article in all phases of the report. For this purpose, the article that will be used is â€Å"Lamentation and loss: expression of caring by contemporary surgical nurses† written by Carol Enns and David Gregory. This paper will address the problem statement, literature review, conceptual underpinnings and research questions, research design/method, ethical considerations, sampling, data collection, data analysis, confirmability of the findings, interpretation and discussion of findings, additional considerations, and rating the scientific merit of a research report. Problem Statement The phenomenon of interest has been identified as the expressions of caring by nurses on†¦show more content†¦It identifies studies that address the issue of having a variety of definitions for caring (Enns, 2007). This issue is relevant as it may vary the results of previous studies. The references are current to the article and well documented. The resources used are more for the definition of caring and to support the need of further research and not that of the specific topic of lamentation and loss expressed among surgical nurses (Enns, 2007). The fact that research on caring in many areas of nursing has been done, it is identified that there is a lack of research done on acute general surgical wards (Enns, 2007). The literature review examines different research designs used to cover the study of nurses’ caring but it does not examine the need to research further into the specific field of surgical nursing other then the lack of previou s research (Enns, 2007). Conceptual Underpinnings and Research Questions The framework used is made explicit and has been adapted by a previous theorist. The framework is detailed to clarify caring within a literature context (Enns, 2007). It conceptualizes that caring has both humanistic traits and physical behaviours from the perspectives of both the nurses and the patients (Enns, 2007). The research question is clearly stated as â€Å"(w)hat are the expressions of caringShow MoreRelatedCritiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, Or Mixed Methods1135 Words   |  5 Pages Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies Paper Quantitative and qualitative research studies are both significant in nursing. In this paper, I will be critiquing two articles using both approaches. Using Walden’s database system, the articles will be located and compared to one another. After this assignment, I hope to gain a better understanding if critiquing research articles. 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You do not have to provide in text citations in the answers. (2 points for grammatical issues) APA Reference (9.5 points) Questions (0.5 points each) Critiquing Criteria derived from LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2010, p. 135-136

Probabilities for Rolling Three Dice

Dice provide great illustrations for concepts in probability. The most commonly used dice are cubes with six sides. Here, we will see how to calculate probabilities for rolling three standard dice. It is a relatively standard problem to calculate the probability of the sum obtained by rolling two dice. There are a total of 36 different rolls with two dice, with any sum from 2 to 12 possible. How does the problem change if we add more dice? Possible Outcomes and Sums Just as one die has six outcomes and two dice have 62 36 outcomes, the probability experiment of rolling three dice has 63 216 outcomes. This idea generalizes further for more dice. If we roll n dice then there are 6n outcomes. We can also consider the possible sums from rolling several dice. The smallest possible sum occurs when all of the dice are the smallest, or one each. This gives a sum of three when we are rolling three dice. The greatest number on a die is six, which means that the greatest possible sum occurs when all three dice are sixes. The sum of this situation is 18. When n dice are rolled, the least possible sum is n and the greatest possible sum is 6n. There is one possible way three dice can total 33 ways for 46 for 510 for 615 for 721 for 825 for 927 for 1027 for 1125 for 1221 for 1315 for 1410 for 156 for 163 for 171 for 18 Forming Sums As discussed above, for three dice the possible sums include every number from three to 18. The probabilities can be calculated by using counting strategies and recognizing that we are looking for ways to partition a number into exactly three whole numbers. For example, the only way to obtain a sum of three is 3 1 1 1. Since each die is independent from the others, a sum such as four can be obtained in three different ways: 1 1 21 2 12 1 1 Further counting arguments can be used to find the number of ways of forming the other sums. The partitions for each sum follow: 3 1 1 14 1 1 25 1 1 3 2 2 16 1 1 4 1 2 3 2 2 27 1 1 5 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 2 48 1 1 6 2 3 3 4 3 1 1 2 5 2 2 49 6 2 1 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 5 1 3 5 1 4 410 6 3 1 6 2 2 5 3 2 4 4 2 4 3 3 1 4 511 6 4 1 1 5 5 5 4 2 3 3 5 4 3 4 6 3 212 6 5 1 4 3 5 4 4 4 5 2 5 6 4 2 6 3 313 6 6 1 5 4 4 3 4 6 6 5 2 5 5 314 6 6 2 5 5 4 4 4 6 6 5 315 6 6 3 6 5 4 5 5 516 6 6 4 5 5 617 6 6 518 6 6 6 When three different numbers form the partition, such as 7 1 2 4, there are 3!  (3x2x1) different ways of permuting these numbers. So this would count toward three outcomes in the sample space. When two different numbers form the partition, then there are three different ways of permuting these numbers. Specific Probabilities We divide the total number of ways to obtain each sum by the total number of outcomes in the sample space, or 216. The results are: Probability of a sum of 3: 1/216 0.5%Probability of a sum of 4: 3/216 1.4%Probability of a sum of 5: 6/216 2.8%Probability of a sum of 6: 10/216 4.6%Probability of a sum of 7: 15/216 7.0%Probability of a sum of 8: 21/216 9.7%Probability of a sum of 9: 25/216 11.6%Probability of a sum of 10: 27/216 12.5%Probability of a sum of 11: 27/216 12.5%Probability of a sum of 12: 25/216 11.6%Probability of a sum of 13: 21/216 9.7%Probability of a sum of 14: 15/216 7.0%Probability of a sum of 15: 10/216 4.6%Probability of a sum of 16: 6/216 2.8%Probability of a sum of 17: 3/216 1.4%Probability of a sum of 18: 1/216 0.5% As can be seen, the extreme values of 3 and 18 are least probable. The sums that are exactly in the middle are the most probable. This corresponds to what was observed when two dice were rolled.

Thailand Culture Free Essays

FULBRIGHTER’S INTRODUCTION TO THAILAND: ? ADVICE AND COMMENTARY Text: Scott McNabb, College of Education, The University of Iowa ? Commentary: Porntip Kanjananiyot, Executive Director,? Thailand-U. S. Educational Foundation (Fulbright) The following essay has been written to provide orientation thoughts for American scholars who are embarking on a Fulbright assignment in Thailand. We will write a custom essay sample on Thailand Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now I hope that it will provide insights that will help Fulbrighters to understand, appreciate, and engage fully with their academic colleagues and other Thais they will encounter. It is not meant only as a â€Å"survival† guide; our hopes are far greater than that. It is written to help individuals maximize the cross-cultural gift that they have been given—to live and work among the Thai people for a significant period of time. This essay is based on my 19 trips to Thailand which span the period 1968 to 2011, from Peace Corps teaching at Thammasat University through two Fulbrights and multiple other teaching, evaluation and research trips. I have taught International Education and qualitative research classes at The University of Iowa since 1979. In this essay, I will indulge in the kind of generalizations I never allow my students to make. In my classes, I encourage my students to think tentatively and carefully about cross-cultural issues, and make few if any broad conclusions. Here, in the interests of encouraging discussion and giving usable advice, I will risk making general comments about Thai culture. This essay, then, is written less as an academic piece than as a kind of user’s manual. I have asked my colleague and friend Porntip Kanjananiyot to provide commentary from her perspective of being deeply engaged in Thai-American educational exchange work for a number of years. Porntip is currently the Executive Director of the Fulbright program in Thailand. We hope that our discussion back and forth will provide additional insights. ?This article includes advice on language learning, behavior to help you en gage in Thai culture, and some responses to issues that you may well encounter with your Thai colleagues and other Thais whom you get to know. ?Opening Advice and Questions? In general, the more â€Å"out there† you can be—learning the language, trying all kinds of food, engaging with all kinds of people (monks, market people, academics, and so on), learning to joke Thai-style (including making jokes about yourself), taking unwarranted compliments without resisting them too much, and so on—the more you will learn about and appreciate various aspects of the â€Å"Thai view of the world. † The â€Å"authentic† Thailand is surprisingly close physically to the â€Å"tourist† Thailand—it’s just under a bridge or around a corner or down an alley where tourists typically don’ venture. . . r it’s on full display before most tourists typically wake up, like watching the monks make their early morning rounds. Within a relatively short walk from Khaosan Road, the backpacker mecca in Bangkok, there are amulet markets near Thammasat University that are rarely visited by foreigners, where one can ve nture deeply into the spiritual beliefs of the Thai people. Don’t be afraid to wander (within reason) wherever your curiosity takes you. If you are actively searching for something, cultivating the â€Å"treasure hunt mind,† you may well find what you are searching for, or something equally interesting. Or your quest may bring additional questions about the initial â€Å"treasure† you were seeking. For example, if you go to the amulet market in search of a small statue of the Hindu deity Hanuman, you will certainly find many other intriguing deities along the way—all of whom demonstrate incorporation of the Hindu religious figures, and Mahayana Buddhism, in Thai Buddhism. Why is Ganesh so popular in Thailand? Or Kwan Yin (Yao Mae Kuan Im)? With whom are the various deities popular? In many ways, Fulbrighters can benefit from the outlook and skills that qualitative researchers develop; that of the participant observer. You are taking part in the culture that you are trying to understand. PORNTIP COMMENTS: Go out to meet people and you will find that Thai people generally welcome foreigners. Smile with them and show your interest in what they are doing, they will be even friendlier! Learning Thai ?Learn certain basic Thai phrases. Now! Your colleagues may well speak ex cellent English, but once you are out in the markets, you will need to speak some Thai. Plus, it’s fun. Develop a specific working vocabulary in Thai. Figure out what phrases you will need on a daily basis and ask a Thai friend to drill you on the pronunciation and tones until they are second nature. This vocabulary should include greetings, directions, numbers, and foods, among other things. ?Yes, clear pronunciation and tones are important. But they can be overemphasized. Speak with conviction. If you speak tentatively, your phrases will tend to go up at the end, like the inflection we use in English, which will confuse your Thai listener. Speak with your limited vocabulary with an air of confidence and the receiver will have a far better chance of understanding you. They will think that you know more than you actually do, but that’s O. K. You can learn to accept their over-the-top compliments gracefully. Also, your Thai need not be perfect to be understood. We have much to learn from the Thais as â€Å"reviewers† of our mispronunciations and tonal goof-ups, patience we could use in similar interactions at home. The Thais go way past half-way to try to figure out what you are trying to communicate. The fact that you are trying to speak their language is also a clear indication of your cross-cultural sincerity. Thais will often be impressed with your progress because they spend years studying English in school without a great deal of success. Acting things out helps, too. This also works on the cultural level of â€Å"sanuk†Ã¢â‚¬â€you are having fun (and the joke is sort of on you) trying to communicate a specific idea. And when you succeed, it is a cause for joint celebration! Learn these phrases right now:? Kaw bia song kuat (Please bring me two beers) Kaw cowpot moo jon nung (Please bring me a plate of fried rice with pork)? Kaw cowneo maamuang song jon (Please bring me two plates of mango with sticky rice) Some basic food to order: guy young (friend chicken) cowpat moo (fried rice with pork) tom ka guy (coconut soup with chicken) pat thai guy (fried noodles with bean sprouts and chicken) kwitdeo sen yai nua sot (beef noodle soup) kow naa bed (duck with sauce over ric e) ky jiow (Thai-style omelet) kao moo dang (pork with red sauce over rice) dom young gung (spicy shrimp soup). PORNTIP COMMENTS: One way to learn the Thai language could be through food as Thai people love to offer food. When observing that their foreign guests enjoy it, the Thais could feel even more comfortable to talk with them†¦ and naturally, urge the foreigners to have more food! ?Thais also enjoy listening to foreigners speaking Thai†¦. even just a few words because they think the Thai language is very difficult so they feel really impressed. Don’t feel embarrassed if you make mistakes and your Thai friends start laughing. They know the challenges you have to face with the tones. Their laughs simply mean your pronunciation is ‘narak’ (cute). Thai people have patience to listen and try to understand Americans when speaking Thai. American Fulbrighters being in Thailand will be more aware how difficult it is for Thais when they are in the US as quite a number of Americans may not have similar patience. Engaging Thais ?If you want to get below the surface with your Thai friends, engage them on their own terms; choose topics where they can teach you about aspects of Thai culture. Pursue whatever aspects of Thai culture, religion, history (spirit houses? The Sukhothai period? Some aspects of Buddhism like meditation? ). The point is that you will be in their cultural ballpark. They will appreciate your genuine interest, and this will give you an entree into the Thais’ enormous cultural generosity. They will help you meet interesting people, plan field trips, and so on. Just give them the chance. On one of my Fulbright assignments, I was teaching in Nakorn Prathom. I mentioned to a teacher that I would like to visit Praviharn—the controversial Cambodian wat located on the Thai-Cambodian border—on my last weekend with them. My Thai friend had never been there before, either. Despite the initial negative reactions from some of the other faculty (It’s too far—the trip will take too long; it’s too hot. . . ), she organized what was a memorable venture to the famous temple. It was a wonderful culminating event for my time with my Thai colleagues—many of whom wound up going and enjoying the trip despite their initial protestations. PORNTIP COMMENTS: ?Thai people are really hospitable so they could go out of their way to please you. Ask to see their reaction first and wait to see their next move. If they are quiet, it could mean they can’t accommodate your request. Inconsistencies in Thai Culture ?When you are operating in someone else’s culture, inconsistencies seem to abound. This is partly due to the fact that in our own culture, we are too close to things to see what â€Å"don’t make sense,† and our initial observations are relatively superficial in Thailand (you know the most during your first two weeks here; then it starts getting much more complicated), and that, at least in my view, there ARE things that don’t seem consistent here. But of course, that is true in all cultures. Take Thai Massage ?Thai culture in general steers around confrontations; in their view the key in human relations is harmony. The focus is on working things out without anger and keeping a cool heart† (Jai Yen) in all social situations. Thais are raised to make others feel welcome, relaxed, and â€Å"sanuk† (happy). In the West, of course, our funda mental goal is to make OURSELVES satisfied. Simply put, we are more individually oriented, the Thais more communally oriented. So you might think that when it came to massage, the Thais would offer massage that is soothing, relaxing, comforting. Ha! Thai massage aggressively confronts the muscles that are stiff or bunched up with elbows and knuckles and knees—boring in on them until they give up their tightness and relax. Sometimes it hurts. O. K. , often it hurts. Where is all this Thai non-confrontation, avoidance of pain and making the other guy feel good? It goes out the window, as far as I can tell. This feels more like American no pain-no gain to me. Of course, it works. But along the way, the attacks on muscle bundles and the stretches are not all that sanuk (fun, in this context). Of course, the pain is meted out with typical Thai humor and grace. Jep Mai? † (they ask with a chortle). â€Å"Jep Maack† (It hurts a lot) I respond, to more chortles. Yes, no pain no gain. ?The Case of Luang Paw Koon? In general, Thai Buddhist monks live a highly disciplined life. They must live by a total of 224 precepts, which provide strict behavioral rules. Like religious groups in all cultures, a few stray in terms of relationships with women and other sins and are tossed out of their temples. But for the most part scandals are rare and monks are respected for their discipline, dignity and wisdom.? Luang Paw Koon is one of the most popular monks in the country. You often see his picture in the northeast part of Thailand, and frequently in the taxis in Bangkok, many of whose drivers are from the northeast. ?What the pictures show is a smiling monk deliberately flaunting Buddhist conventions, puffing on a cheroot or overtly handling money. He is seated in a squatting position like a northeastern farmer, not cross-legged like a monk. He speaks in the common language of farmers, not in â€Å"proper† Thai.? Why is he so popular? Some Thais respect his rebellion, while still demonstrating the key Buddhist tenets of poverty, integrity, honesty and generosity. Funds given to him are known to go directly to the projects they are given for, most often schools and hospitals. No middlemen. No corruption. I think that is the message of the picture with Luang Paw Koon handling money—â€Å"Your donations are safe with me. I will get your donations to their proper destinations. † Consistency with the principals of a monk’s life? Yes and no. Unconventional? Absolutely. Effective in terms of charity work? This certainly seems to be the case. And a great case for bending the social rules to serve a higher cause. Maybe we all love rebels. PORNTIP COMMENTS:? Treat the inconsistencies as surprises and enjoy the learning experiences! Short Takes– ? Watch Thai TV Watch the soap operas, the variety shows, the shows on the monarchy. Ask lots of questions. Before you criticize, think about The Bachelor and Fox News and Two and a Half Men and other stellar representations of our own culture. Thai soap operas present cultural melodramas where actors confront each other and act in ways one would never see in polite Thai society with its emphasis on decorum and harmony. Is it just entertainment? Cultural wish fulfillment? Ask your friends. ?In general, when things don’t seem to make sense, ask. Find good friends who are absolutely â€Å"culturally-insult proof,† who know that your questions may be clumsy and politically incorrect but that your intentions—to understand things a bit better—are pure. These are the people to ask potentially sensitive questions about the â€Å"Red Shirts† and the â€Å"Yellow Shirts†, and about the monarchy. PORNTIP COMMENTS: ?Soap operas could better your Thai while helping you understand that many times, they don’t reflect the ‘real’ Thai culture. It could be misleading if viewers take it literally to think that Thai women always go after guys, love screaming and yelling plus slapping others’ faces. The way they dress to work is far from being professional either†¦.. as if they went to an evening party even. It may be good to understand that the Thais value ‘riab roi’ and being very proper (far too formal at times). Perhaps Thai soap is something Thais quietly think the society could loosen up a bit. Be discreet when discussing or asking questions about Monarchy as there are lese majeste charges which could be complicated for you to understand fully. The conflicts that seem to separate ‘yellow shirts’ and ‘red shirts’ are not easy to understand either. The suggestion to find a ‘culturally-insult proof’ friend sounds great to get to know more about the monarchy and political conflicts. Small Bits of Advice? Take a zillion showers and guzzle water by the gallon. Keep your body temperature down and your internal system happy. When you feel culture shock coming on, retreat. Take some down time. Listen to your iPod. Watch a favorite movie (it is undoubtedly pirated here). No one should try to tackle a foreign culture 24/7. You will burn out. It’s hot here. And humid. Incredibly humid. And you are constantly on stage. I can’t do one more impromptu speech, explaining who I am and why I am here. It can be exhausting. O. K. , it will be exhausting. Every moment you spend working on your Thai is a move in the right direction culturally. Even the process of learning Thai with your Thai friends has all kinds of cultural learning possibilities.? Take notes of your observations—not for Facebook or to Tweet about so much as for your own record of cultural discovery. You’ll be able to see how far you have come by the end of your Thai adventure.? Remember that part of your job as a Fulbrighter is to play the role of cultural ambassador, representing your country with integrity here and portraying Thailand with fairness and accuracy to your friends back home. ?Learn to bargain. Again, it’s not so much about the result, which is pretty much predetermined, as it is about your participation in the process, and HOW you participate (with a smile and acting out things—â€Å"Oh, man, you’re killing me here! †). Be a good sport Accept the Thais’ overwhelming generosity. They are happy to have you here. We are conditioned to be suspicious of others’ generosity, and it’s a tough assumption to get over.? Sometimes conversations are just exercises in enjoyable social banter, without a â€Å"punch line. † You talk about the weather, family, where you are going. . . just for the sake of the pleasant conversation. In our culture, we are used to seeking the â€Å"point. † ? Develop a short introduction in Thai that explains who you are and why you are here in Thailand. Saying that you are an â€Å"achjan† (a teacher/professor) explains a lot. This will be very helpful, so that people know who you are, how long you will be here, and so on. It puts everyone at ease. ?Never divide up the bill at the restaurant. The most senior person will â€Å"liang. † It’s the Thai cultural law. Hierarchies define the nature of power in relationships in Thailand; royalty over commoners, men over women (women cannot be ordained as monks in Thailand), and age over youth. By the way, the best way to reciprocate in terms of food is to buy candy or fruit to share with your Thai colleagues on your trips together. This is perfectly acceptable, and appreciated. Never assume that your English is being understood by your students. Slow down. Ask them lots of questions. Be patient; Thai students are used to lecture-style classrooms. Tell stories. Keep them with you (on topic). Try to relate your topics to Thailand, Thai applications of things, even if it is a stretch. Joke around a bit. Show that you can â€Å"take† a joke—tell one on yourself. Lighten up and the Thais will appreciate it and your communication will be far better. Over-serious classrooms are over-rated. Always share what you are eating. (That can’t be over-emphasized. Wherever you are living, establish your own little village; people you see and fuss over every day, like the noodle folks, the flower lady, the 7-11 folks, and your favorite night market vendors. The substance of the conversation is not the issue, it’s the attention. Simply remarking on the sweetness of the oranges (waan maach! ) or commenting on the heat (always safe) is fine. With jus t a bit of friendly banter it becomes â€Å"your neighborhood,† a little like Norm walking into â€Å"Cheers. † I have found these simple, smiling conversations are a source of â€Å"friendly energy† I can enjoy every day. Banter begets banter which makes you feel more at home. Get in shape! Many Thai temples are located on the top of hills. And just maintaining your energy levels in this heat takes some oomph. You don’t have to be a Buddhist to appreciate and learn from various aspects of this religion. Remember, the Buddha said that you should only apply the aspects of Buddhism to your life until after you have experimented with them and they seem to make sense to you personally. There is no pressure to believe in an overarching philosophy; just a big, broad display of spiritual and practical ideas to experiment with and learn from. Sort of like the experience of living in Thailand itself. PORNTIP COMMENTS:? Even though the more senior Thais will buy you meals almost every time, you may wish to offer to do it in return once in a while. It might not work but that generous offer will be appreciated. Buying some kanoms or some little gifts to give to the more senior and friends would be a nice gesture to show your thoughtfulness. Thai students love learning by listening so storytelling is the good way to attract their attention and it’s fun while keeping them focused and remember what they’ve heard. It could be difficult to have some deep discussions with quite a number of Thais but don’t lose hope. Sometimes, it’s just because of the language. Other times it could be because Thai people aren’t used to expressing their ideas extensively unless they feel very close to the persons. Having discussions with Thais regularly will also help Thais think and interact faster too. Enjoy learning about Buddhism in a practical way†¦.. by understanding ‘the middle path’, it helps you ponder upon ways to balance your life. Learning how to meditate would simply lead you to have some peaceful moments. How to cite Thailand Culture, Essay examples

Gatsby One Of The Socially Elite Essay free essay sample

Gatsby, One Of The Socially Elite Essay, Research Paper Gatsby, One of the Socially Elite The novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald portrayed the positions, beliefs, and actions of the socially elect of nineteen-twenties America. Fitzgerald was non biased for or against the rich ; he merely chronicled the lives of his characters and how money and category separated people. The best illustration of this was life of the rubric character himself, Jay Gatsby. Asking heads want to cognize, # 8220 ; Who is Gatsby, and what makes him so great? # 8221 ; The novel begins with the debut of the storyteller, Nick Carraway. After contending in World War I, Nick left his outstanding household in the West to travel to West Egg near New York City to larn the bond concern. Despite the original program to populate with an associate, Nick ends up populating entirely following door to a sign of the zodiac in which Jay Gatsby resides. In the first of several documented assemblages, Nick spent the afternoon with Daisy, his distant cousin, Tom, her hubby, and Jordan Baker, a outstanding golf player. That was the first clip Nick heard about Gatsby and his excessive parties. The afternoon besides uncovered Daisy # 8217 ; s intuition of Tom # 8217 ; s infidelity. Her intuition was confirmed to Nick in the following chapter when he accompanied Tom to New York. Half manner through the train drive, they stopped at an car garage to talk to George Wilson about a auto Tom was supposed to sell him. When Wilson went to his office for a minute, his married woman, Myrtle appeared. Tom told her that he wanted to see her and to take the following train to New York. When Wilson reappeared, Myrtle announced that she was traveling to see her sister that afternoon. That flushing Nick, Tom, and Myrtle rendezvoused with others in the flat that Tom had purchased for them. It was during this clip that Nick was informed of the fact that neither Tom nor Myrtle could stand their partners. Every weekend, Nick # 8217 ; s neighbour, Gatsby, held excessive parties at his house. One forenoon, Gatsby # 8217 ; s pantryman came to Nick # 8217 ; s house and invited him to the party that flushing. It was there that Nick met up one time once more with Jordan and finally was introduced to the ill-famed Gatsby. Later in the dark Jordan and Gatsby disappeared for an hr after which Nick said adieu to Jordan and Gatsby and went place. One forenoon in July, Gatsby went to Nick # 8217 ; s house and proclaimed that the two were traveling to the metropolis for tiffin. During the long drive at that place Gatsby told Nick the narrative of his life, which Nick subsequently discovered to be wholly false. He so told Nick that he was traveling to do a big petition of him, but that he could non inquire him himself and Jordan was traveling to state him subsequently that twenty-four hours when they went out to tea. When the two work forces arrived in New York City, they had tiffin with Meyer Wolfsheim, the # 8220 ; adult male who fixed the World Series in 1919. # 8221 ; When they were go forthing Nick recognized Tom and introduced Gatsby and Tom to each other. Before the three could get down speaking, Gatsby had left. At tea with Jordan, Nick learned the whole narrative about Daisy and Gatsby, and how they fell in love, but so Gatsby had to go forth for the war. Daisy had married Tom, believing that Gatsby would neer return. It was besides no happenstance that Gatsby lived so close to Daisy ; he had bought that house so that he could be merely across the bay from Daisy. It was at that point that Nick was informed of the favour he was to execute. Gatsby wanted Jordan to inquire Nick if he could ask for Daisy over for tea so that Gatsby could # 8220 ; pop in. # 8221 ; Nick arranged the tea, stating Daisy specifically non to convey Tom. At first there was nil but awkward intermissions between the twosome, but after much goad from Nick, Gatsby and Daisy beg an to talk. Then Gatsby suggested that the three of them go look at his house. It was there that Nick left the twosome wholly engrossed in one another. After that Nick did non see much of Gatsby for several hebdomads. That is until the party that both Daisy and her hubby attended. When Nick eventually met up with Gatsby at the terminal of the dark, Gatsby was depressed because Daisy did non bask herself. Nick suggested that possibly it was non possible for Gatsby to reiterate the past with Daisy, a impression that Gatsby rapidly rejected. At Daisy # 8217 ; s request, Nick was invited to her house for tea with Jordan and Gatsby. Tom was in and out of the salon replying phone calls and acquiring drinks. After much tenseness, the group decided to travel into New York. Daisy and Gatsby rode in Tom # 8217 ; s auto and Tom, Jordan and Nick rode in Gatsby # 8217 ; s auto. Tom had to halt for gas at Wilson # 8217 ; s garage where Wilson informed Tom that he was taking his married woman out West because he had late discovered that she was holding an matter. Tom rapidly left and caught up with Gatsby and Daisy. The group eventually decided to run into at the Plaza Hotel and lease a room for the afternoon. Tension began to mount when Tom began to inquire Gatsby inquiries about his yesteryear. During the verbal assault, Gatsby burst out that Daisy had neer loved Tom and forced Daisy to acknowledge the same. She reluctantly obeyed, but so took it back. It was so that Daisy told Tom that she was go forthing him. At that point G atsby and Daisy left the metropolis in Gatsby # 8217 ; s auto. Daisy drove on the manner place. As she passed Wilson # 8217 ; s garage, Myrtle ran out in forepart of the auto because she thought Tom was coming to take her off. The auto hit her and killed her immediately. Daisy kept traveling and she and Gatsby took the auto to Gatsby # 8217 ; s house and called a cab to take them to her house. Tom, Jordan, and Nick passed the scene subsequently and discovered what had happened. Tom instantly blamed Gatsby for killing Myrtle. The following forenoon, Nick went over to Gatsby # 8217 ; s house and they sat around for a piece. After they had finished breakfast, Nick had to go forth to catch his train for work. He left Gatsby at place entirely, that is until Wilson showed up to kill him. Early that forenoon Wilson arrived at the Buchanan abode with a gun and Tom told him whose auto had killed his married woman. Late in the afternoon Gatsby decided to utilize his swimming pool, which is where he was found shooting to decease. Wilson was found dead in the forests nearby. In the following few yearss, Nick arranged the funeral. He called Daisy to state her what had happened, but she and Tom had left for a drawn-out holiday in Europe. He called all of the familiarities of Gatsby # 8217 ; s that he could believe of. In the terminal merely three people showed up on the showery twenty-four hours of the funeral. After the funeral, Nick was haunted by the events of the summer. He met with Jordan who informed him that she was engaged to another adult male, and he ran into Tom who explained what had happened to Daisy and himself. After all this Nick returned to his place in the West. What made Gatsby so great was what most people did non even know about him. His illustriousness came from the manner he had gone from being ungraded hapless to being one of the socially elect, and all for the love of one adult female. Gatsby wanted to believe that Daisy genuinely loved him, but unconsciously he knew how mercenary she was. He knew that the lone manner they could be together was if he was affluent, and the quickest manner to make that was illicitly. F. Scott Fitzgerald succeeded in chronicling the positions, beliefs, and actions of group of affluent persons in the 19 mid-twentiess. He was able to make this with in-depth characters, an appealing secret plan, and a good sense of what truly went on during that clip period.

Hrm practices in Bangladesh free essay sample

In the age of knowledge economy, human resource is considered as the most important resource of the organizations and it became decisive for success of any organization (Moyeen Huq 2001; Schuler 1990; Werther Davis 1996). Human resource management (HRM) refers to the policies and practices including human resource planning, job analysis, recruitment, selection, orientation, compensation, performance appraisal, training and development, and labor relations (Dessler 2007). The purpose of human resource management is to improve the productive contributions of employees and provide competitive advantage to the organizations (Werther Davis 1996). It is well recognized that an organization enriched with committed, motivated, talented, and competent human resource can achieve any kind of challenging goals. Success of managers in the new century would absolutely depend upon their capabilities in managing human resources (Budhwar Debrah 2001). McClelland (1961) questioned, â€Å"Why should Argentina lag so far behind the United States or Australia in per capita? Is it so much less favored by climate and natural resources? †. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm practices in Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In answering the question it is conceived that economic development does not depend on the supply of natural resources, rather it depends upon the effective and efficient utilization of resources (Azim 2008). If resources are used properly, productivity would be increased, which will lead to lessened cost and increased profit. If profit increases, organizations will be able to offer better compensation, training, and working environment for the employees. It will also enhance the job satisfaction and organizational 1 Associate Professor, School of Business, East Delta University, Chittagong, Bangladesh, Email: [emailprotected] com 2 Bang College of Business, Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research (KIMEP), Almay 050010, Kazakhstan, E-mail: [emailprotected] kz Absar Mahmood commitment of the employees, which will in turn lead to further improvement of productivity. Therefore, productivity has been a great concern for every organization of developed and developing country. Human resource management practices can contribute to superior productivity directly by finding better and more efficient ways to achieve objectives and indirectly by improving the quality of work life for employees (Werther Davis 1996). Effective HRM practices can achieve high productivity and corporate financial performance, low scrap rate, and low employee turnover (Arthur 1994; Huselid 1995). Proper human resource management practices such as incentive pay, teams, flexible job assignments, employment security, and training can improve productivity enormously (Ichniowski, Shaw Prennushi 1997; Katou Budhwar 2007). In developing countries, the scenario of HRM is quite unimpressive except in Taiwan and South Korea, where HRM is linked to the formulation of business strategy (Budhwar Debrah 2001). Both the countries, South Korea and Taiwan, have excelled in industrialization. Although Taiwan lacks natural resources, it has accelerated its economic growth by the means of effective human resources management practices (Huang 2001). A case study (Pollitt 2004) analyzing the HRM practices of Nokia Corporation, the leading manufacturer of mobile phones in the world, stated that the HRM practices of Nokia played vital role in helping the company in reaching its 40% percent share of the global handset market, and industry leading profit margins of 20% 25% at a time of unmatched change and competition. It is also reported that, Nokia Corporation? s share of the Finnish GDP was 3. 5% in 2004. Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart and Wright (2007) uttered, â€Å"To compete in today? s economy, whether on a local or global level, companies need to provide a quality product or service†. Sound HRM practices can also help in this regard (Katou Budhwar 2007). It is found that HRM practices have significant positive impact on the implementation of TQM, which would ultimately enhance employee and customer satisfaction (Yang 2006). Through an in-depth study on 178 industrial enterprises of Greece; Katou and Budhwar (2007) found that HR practices such as recruitment, training, promotion, incentives, benefits, involvement, and safety and health were positively related with the elements of organizational performance such as innovation and satisfaction of stakeholders. They also found recruitment as the most powerful HR practice in achieving sustainable competitive advantage based on human capital. Further, employee selection has momentous influence on organizational performance (MacDuffie 1995; Shipton et al. 2005). Employee selection is also associated with perceived market performance (Delaney Huselid 1996). Next, employee training and development has enormous impact on organizational effectiveness. It is observed that more investment in training and development has led to more profitability of the private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh (Hoque 1994). Thang and Buyens (2008), after reviewing 66 studies conducted in different countries, concluded that training leads to improved knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, and behavior of employees that ultimately enhance excellent financial and non-financial 119 Absar Mahmood performance of the organizations. Moreover, Mexican companies consider employee training and development as their sources of competitive advantages to face the challenges of globalization (Ruiz Germain 2008). In addition, training activities have noteworthy influence on employees? organizational commitment in manufacturing firms in India (Agarwala 2008). Distinctive HRM practices have enabled Japan in becoming one of the most industrially developed countries of the world through creating competitive advantages (Hoque 1990; Mohiuddin Mahmood 1999). Besides, HRM practices of China have contributed a lot in turning the country into an economic power of the world within five decades (Warner 2001). Then, employee compensation, especially the performance based compensation system, resulted in better organizational performance in Indian firms (Singh 2004). In Chinese firms, HRM practices were found to have significant influence on employee affective commitment (Yu Egri 2005). Hence, it is evident from the above discussion that the role of human resource management practices towards improving organizational performance in every part of the world, from developing countries to developed countries, is time-tested. Now the world is more competitive than ever. Due to emergence of global village, this competition has become more severe. To survive in the era of fierce competition, industrial enterprises need to create sustainable competitive advantage based on human resource management practices (Barney 1991; Khandekar Sharma 2005). In today? s world, the central challenge that a country faces is the continuous improvement of the performance of its organizations, both of public and private sectors (Khan 2007; Werther Davis 1996). Due to flow of globalization, trade liberalization, unparalleled recession, and technological breakthroughs; industrial enterprises of Bangladesh are under tremendous pressure to improve productivity, quality, innovation, and overall effectiveness. Historically, Bangladesh is an agro-based country. More than 50% of its population is employed in agriculture (Ministry of Finance, GOB 2007). However, the contribution of agriculture to the GDP has shown declining trends in recent years (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, GOB 2007). As possibility of growth in agriculture of Bangladesh is constrained by a number of social, economic, and physical reasons such as small land-man ratio, natural calamities, and rapid urbanization; the need for the development of industrial sector has been obvious (Aowrangazab 2005). Low growth in agriculture has created tremendous pressure on industrial sector through the influx of surplus laborers from agriculture to industry. The unemployment problem of Bangladesh, one of the populous nations of the world, will be further deteriorated until and unless industrialization through labor intensive manufacturing enterprises is accelerated. In 1971, Bangladesh started its journey as an independent and sovereign nation. During that time only 4% GDP came from industrial sector, most of which were mainly small scale industries (Ahmed Patan 1979). The socialist prone philosophy and huge immobilized abandoned industrial units of the non-Bengali communities led the nationalization of industries soon after the independence. 120 Absar Mahmood The investment policies of 1973 and 1974 gave further emphasis on public sector oriented industrialization and were in against of the expansion of the private sector. Nevertheless, the public sector industrial enterprises, unfortunately, did not perform well. Rather, they have been emerging as a white elephant through incurring huge losses in every year (Abedin 1988; Hoque 1994; Khan Alauddin 1995). On the other hand, from December 1975 to till now all the governments have been emphasizing on the development of the private sector industrial enterprises through the investment policy of 1975, and industrial policies of 1982, 1986, 1991, 1999, and 2005. However, it is also found that the performance of the private sector industrial enterprises has not also achieved ultimate success (Aowrangazab 2005; Khan 2007; Khan Alauddin 1995; Sikder, 1996). A number of issues are liable for such state of affairs in the public and the private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh where ineffective HRM practices are reported to be one of them (Ali 1989; Ather Solaiman 1995; Chowdhury 2000; Hoque 1994; Islam 1982; Khan 2007; Rahman 1984; Shelly 1994; Sikder 1996; Taher 1992). Regardless its problems, Bangladesh have tremendous potentialities in some areas. The importance of developing countries (like Bangladesh) is growing rapidly as the suppliers of low-priced resources, buyers, competitors, capital users, and destination of foreign direct investment of MNCs (Budhwar Debrah 2001). Bangladesh has the 7 th largest work force (69 millions) of the world (Ernst Young, MCCCI 2007). The country also has the highest number of soldiers in the UN peacekeeping mission. Bangladesh has been holding one of the top positions with respect to foreign currency earnings from remittance and garments export. Thus, Bangladesh (as cited in Azim 2008), along with South Korea and Mexico, has been included by Goldman Sachs in their Global Economic Paper, 2005 as one of the â€Å"Next 11† countries that have the potential to become global heavy weights and match the dominance of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Therefore, to harness the above mentioned potentialities, the public and the private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh need to adopt sound human resource management practices. Beardwell and Holden (as cited in Weeratunga 2003) opined that some countries such as Japan, Germany, and Sweden have immensely developed themselves through emphasizing on human resources properly. They also argued that technological advancement and organizational change have progressively led employers to the realization that success depends on the skills and abilities of their employees, which can only be ensured through effective human resource management practices. Against this backdrop, an indepth study to evaluate the status of HRM practices of the public and the private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh can be pertinent and worthwhile. And, therefore, the main objective of our study is to the state of adoption of new HRM practices by public and private sectors organizations in Bangladesh and made some recommendations how it could bring benefits for them in the long-run. 121 Absar Mahmood 2. Research on HRM practices in Bangladesh: A Survey of Literature HRM practices have been researched in Bangladesh from different perspectives. Rab (1991) explored HRM practices of 24 small enterprises operating in Dhaka. He identified that in case of recruitment, personal contact was the primary means (58%) followed by advertisement in newspaper (21%), walk-in (13%), and company notice board (8%). All the enterprises, except one, used work sample test and interview for the selection of employees. On-the-job training was observed to be the most widely used one. Most of the enterprises (87. 5%) paid one or more types of allowances in addition to salary. A case study (Taher 1992) was conducted on the overall personnel management (HRM) practices of Khulna Hard Board Mills Ltd. It discussed about the recruitment, selection, training and development, compensation, labor relations, and safety and health. The researcher unearthed different problems related to personnel management practices of the mill such as conflicts in personnel department, disproportionate span of supervision, inappropriate grade, high rate of absenteeism, antagonistic feeling of local workers, inadequate training programs, lack of skill audit, nepotism and favoritism in promotion and selection of employees, poor industrial relations, inadequate compensation, and poor safety and health services. Shelly (1994) examined the roles of human resources, and infrastructure in the industrialization process of Bangladesh. He observed that ineffective human resource management was one of the major problems faced by industrial sector of Bangladesh. Most of the HRM practices such as HR planning, recruitment, selection, promotion, performance appraisal, compensation, incentives, and industrial relations were not performed properly in industries. Mohiuddin and Mahmood (2001) studied the transformation of personnel management into human resource management. Based on different empirical and theoretical studies conducted in the western world, the authors distinguished between personnel and human resource management. Another researcher (Ahmed 2001) discussed about the linkage between human resource management and corporate strategy. He also revealed that corporate strategies developed by Michel Porter such as cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategies had significant impact on HR strategies and practices. Moyeen and Huq (2001) studied HRM practices of 92 medium and large business enterprises (public and private sector) located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. They found that only 62% of surveyed organizations had an HR/IR department. About 96% organizations had training programs. 91% of organizations had performance appraisal system and similar percent of organizations had a system of rewarding the good employees. The least prevalent practice among the surveyed organizations was employee pension plan. The researchers inferred that union status (presence of unions) was associated with some HRM practices and firms? size was found as an important predictor of some of the HRM practices. A research study (Mamun Islam 2001) examined the human resource management (HRM) practices of the ready made garments (RMG) 122 Absar Mahmood enterprises. The study emphasized on improving productivity of garments workers through proper HRM practices to face challenges of globalization. They discovered the reasons for the low productivity of laborers such as unsystematic recruitment and selection of workers, unavailability of training facilities, inadequate financial facilities, and low motivation level of workers. Human resource management practices of ten local private manufacturing enterprises listed under Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) were examined by Akhter (2002). She covered different aspects of HRM practices of the surveyed manufacturing enterprises such as job description, HR planning, recruitment and selection, orientation, training, promotion, performance appraisal, transfer, salary and wage administration, incentives, and fringe benefits. She also measured correlation between employees? opinions regarding HRM practices in their enterprises and their age, education, and experience. Islam (2003) in a study on the HRM practices of small businesses of Bangladesh found that small businesses did not offer reasonable salaries and benefits, training and development opportunities to their employees. The author mentioned that due to outdated HR practices, the productivity and motivation level of the employees of small businesses of Bangladesh were very low. Haque and Prince (2003) assessed the HR practices such as training, promotion policy, performance appraisal method, and transfer policies of some private manufacturing industries based in Chittagong. They found that the surveyed companies imparted on-thejob training, vestibule training, apprenticeship training, and class room training to employees. They also found that the surveyed companies filled up vacancies through internal movement. The companies had formal performance appraisal system. Again, the companies were found to have no standing policy regarding transfer. An in-depth study (Mahmood 2004) assessed the institutional context of human resource management practices in Bangladesh. The author mentioned that research on HRM did not receive its due attention in Bangladesh. The researcher observed that other than organizational contingencies, the institutional context such as national education and training system, national industrial relations system, regulatory frameworks, and overall societal context had significant influence on the development of HRM practices in Bangladesh. Hossain, Khan and Yasmin (2004) analyzed the nature of voluntary disclosures about human resource in the annual reports of 40 Bangladeshi companies. They found that contemporary Bangladeshi companies, though not mandatory, willingly given various information regarding their human resources in the annual reports. Akand (2006), in a case study, investigated the personnel management practices of Janata Bank. Ernst and Young, and Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2007) conducted a survey on HR practices of more than 50 organizations selected from industries (mainly from the private sector) such as Pharma and Healthcare, FMCG, IT, Telecom, Manufacturing, Finance, NGO, Textile/Garments, and Conglomerates. They thoroughly examined talent acquisition, performance management, people development, compensation and benefits, HR strategy and processes, organizational culture, and HR practices for 123 Absar Mahmood Workmen, staff and other non-managerial employees of the surveyed organization. Uddin, Habib and Hassan (2007) depicted a comparative scenario of HRM practices with respect to the public and the private sector companies of Bangladesh. The study encompassed the HRM practices of Wartsila, one of the private sector power generation companies, and BPBD (Bangladesh Power Development Board), the public sector power generation company. They examined recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisal, and compensation practices of both the firms. The authors concluded that the overall HRM practices of Wartsila very much satisfactory compare to those of the BPDB. Huda, Karim and Ahmed (2007) made a study on the HRM practices of 20 NGOs of Bangladesh. It was identified from the study that the HR challenges faced by the NGOs were shortage of qualified candidates, insufficiency of qualified female candidate, poor academic background of applicants in the suburban and rural areas, and the lack of training infrastructure and training need analysis. The first three challenges were related to recruitment. Two recent studies (Billah Islam 2009; Billah, Prince Islam 2009) found that HR practices have significant association with employee turnover and organizational commitment. The above literature survey on different HRM practices demonstrates that like other developing countries, HRM as an area of research has not received proper attention in Bangladesh. Moreover, few in-depth comparative studies between the public and private sector in this context were conducted by the local researchers. The study is, therefore, an endeavor to fill up this obvious res earch gap. 3. Research Objectives, Hypotheses, and Methodology Although human resource management practices are indispensable in enhancing organizational performance and competitive advantage (Becker Huselid 1998), surprisingly an inadequate number of studies have been conducted in this area so far in Bangladeshi context (Akhter 2002; Mahmood 2004). This still remains an unearthed area for research. Thus, the present study aimed at filling the existing research gap. This study would contribute to the progress of better theory and practice of HRM. The research findings would help the public and the private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh in realizing the status of their HRM practices. It would also help them improve their HRM practices towards creating a sustainable competitive advantage based on human capital. The research findings would be also useful for the academicians, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in recognizing HRM practices in a developing country context such as Bangladesh. The study highlighted the following specific objectives: a) To trace the overall status of adoption of new HRM practices in the public sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh. b) To trace the overall status of adoption of new HRM practices in the private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh. c) To explore the difference between public and private sector 124 Absar Mahmood industrial enterprises of Bangladesh with respect to overall status of adoption of new HRM practices. d) To put forward policy implications for overall improvement of the HRM practices of the public and private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh. Based on literature review, objectives of the study and observed present scenario of HRM practices in Bangladesh, we developed the following hypotheses for the study. Hypothesis 1: H0 = The overall status of adoption of new HRM practices in the public sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh is not moderately satisfactory. Hypothesis 2: H0 = The overall status of adoption of new HRM practices in the private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh is not satisfactory. Hypothesis 3: H 0 = There is no difference between the public and the private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh with respect to the overall adoption of new HRM practices. Sample A sampling frame of 155 public and private sector industrial enterprises was prepared comprising of 64 public sector industrial enterprises (running) under the six state-owned industrial corporations (Ministry of Finance, GOB 2007) such as BCIC, BSEC, BSFIDC, BFIDC, BJMC, and BTMC, and 91 private sector industrial enterprises (CSE, Annual Report 2007) listed under Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). Various established approaches are used in determining sample size such as using a census in case of small population, imitating a sample size of analogous studies, using published tables, and using formulas to calculate a sample size (Israel 2003). For the present study, we used â€Å"Table Method† where published tables for similar studies are suggested to use in determining the sample size. We used the â€Å"table† developed by Israel (2003) using the formula of Yamane (1967), which is presented in Table 1. Table1. Sample size for  ± 5%,  ± 7%,  ± 10% precision levels (Confidence level is 95% and p = 0. 5) Hrm Practices in Bangladesh free essay sample HR practice in Bangladesh is better than the past. In the past, HR role was concentrated to hiring firing and letter issuance-dispatching-filing stage. Now it has started to perform more than that. Such as .. .. Employee motivation, Employee development, employee retention, facilitating organizational development initiatives etc. and thus contributes to the achievement of organizational goals. These value added job has just begun in BD. For a good tomorrow, this is a starting point.Employers have started to understand that the more they invest in human resources they more output is likely which lead them to emphasize on employee capability development. As such in many organizations, employee development is viewed as part of business plan. In these organizations, training budget is calculated as a percentage of total budgets of the organization. Employer Employee relationships is better than the past. Employers now recognize the importance of employee?  ¦s participation in business planning, major decision making and organizational change process. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm Practices in Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many organizations now conduct employee opinion surveys for collecting employee feedback and improve employer- employee relationships. Some HR actions have legal implications. But in the country context legal explanation does not seem to be adequate. There is lack of uniformity of the interpretation of law that lead to practice by organizations in different way. There is also ambiguity of existing legal policy or detailed policy framework on HR actions seems to be incomplete.  « In future the overall HR practice is expected to be brighter in Bangladesh because more are feeling the necessity of an established HR department in the organizational structure „ « employer-employee relationship is expected to improve, „ « IT will be part of HR practices which will make HR actions, decision making process faster and accurate 5. Human resource management 5. 1. Human resource planning Square has a personal and administrative Department . Square is one of the biggest employers in Bangladesh. The total number of employers in Bangladesh . The total number of employees is 1,223.For the employees there are systematic in house training in home and abroad . To motivate the employees, along with salary and benefits the company provides various facilities like free meals , free transportation , 24 hour medical center , on site sports . Production and accommodation facilities includes full time supply of safe drinking water, adequate lighting and ventilation facilities from sheet. 5. 2 HR Practices of SQUARE textile Recruitment Training Performance Management Labor relation Employee relation Job analysis Job design Selection Development Incentives Benefits 5. . 1 Recruitment and Selection process in SQUARE Recruitment is the process trough which the organization seeks applicants for potential employment. Selection refers to the process by which it attempts to identify applicants with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics that will help the company achieve its goals, companies engaging in different strategies need different types and numbers of employees. The strategy a company is pursuing will have a direct impact on the types of employees that it seeks to recruit and selection. Source of recruitmentThere are two kinds of source SQUARE uses for recruitment . They are 1. External source 2. Internal source. We try to discuss all relative sources which are used for recruitment in SQUARE. 1. Internal source SQUARE thinks that current employees are a major source of recruits for all but entry-level positions. Whether for promotions or for ‘Lateral’ job transfers, internal candidates already know the informal organization and have detailed information about its formal policies and procedures. Promotions and transfer are typically decided by operating managers with little involvement by HR department. . 1Job-posting programs HR departments become involved when internal job openings are publicized to employees through job positioning programs, which informs employees about opening and required qualifications and invite qualify employees to apply. The notices usually are posted on company bulletin boards or are placed in the company newspaper. Qualification and other facts typically are drawn from the job analysis information. The purpose of job posting is to encourage employees to seek promotion and transfers the help the HR department fill internal opening and meet employee’s personal objectives.Not all jobs openings are posted . Besides entry level positions, senior management and top stuff positions may be filled by merit or with external recruiting. Job posting is most common for lower level clerical, technical and supervisory positions. 1. 2 Departing Employees An often overlooked source of recruiters consists of departing employees. Many employees leave because they can no longer work the traditional 40 hours work week . School, child care needs and other commitments are the common reason.Some might gladly stay if they could rearrange their hours of work or their responsibilities . Instead, they quit when a transfer to a part-time job may retain their valuable skill and training. Even if part-time work is not a solution, a temporary leave of absence may satisfy the employee and some future recruiting need of the employer. 2. External source When job opening cannot be filled internally, the HR department of SQUARE must look outside the organization for applicants. We discuss all the external source of recruitment at bellow: 2. 1 Walk-ins and Write-ins:Walk-ins are some seekers who arrived at the HR department of SQUARE in search of a job; Write-ins are those who send a written enquire . both groups normally are ask to complete and application blank to determine their interest and abilities. Usable application is kept in an active file until a suitable opening occurs or until an application is too old to be considered valid, usually six months. 2. 2 Employee referrals: Employees may refer job seekers to the HR department . Employee referrals have several advantages . Employees with hard –to –find job skill may no others who do the same work.

Television Violence and its effect on Children

Television Violence and its effect on Children The children of today are surrounded by technology and entertainment that is full of violence. It is estimated that the average child watches from three to five hours of television a day! (Neilson 1993). Listening to music is also a time consuming pastime among children. With all of that exposure, one might pose the question, 'How can seeing so much violence on television and video games and hearing about violence in in music affect a child's behavior?' Obviously these media have a big influence on childrens' behavior: we can see it in the way they attempt to emulate their favorite rock stars by dressing in a similar style and the way children play games, imitating their favorite cartoon personalities or super heroes. Studies have shown that extensive television viewing may be associated with, aggressive behavior, poor academic performance, precocious sexuality, obesity, and the use of drugs or alcohol (Deitz). Television, video games, and music are very influential and if there is t oo much violence available for children to watch, play, or listen to, this can sway their attitudes in a negative direction.No Video GamesTelevision is especially influencial on the children today. The hard truth is that children spend an average of 28 hours a week in front of the television (Neilson 1993). This is almost two times the amount of time that some children are in school. At this very impressionable age it is no wonder that the images that kids see sometimes has a profound impact on their behavior. Fifty-five percent of children watch television with a friend or alone. (TV-Free America). Too often parents assume that their children are responsible enough to choose suitable programming. But the sad fact is that even some shows deemed as "children's television" are violent. A survey in Mediascope showed that a...

Reading reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reading reflection - Essay Example They do this subconsciously because it is what they were also conditioned to think. Most people do not realize what they are actually doing because they think it is the normal and right way of doing things, and they usually have predetermined expectations of their action’s outcomes. However, if there is any deviation from the expected results, it leads to disappointment on the parent’s part or they deem their child wayward or unbecoming. They go to great lengths to rectify the anomaly, which includes counseling sessions and even institutionalization in rehabilitation clinics, in extreme cases. When a person takes an in depth look at how he was conditioned to behave and what to believe, he or she can begin to see a pattern irrespective of where in the world they are. This is because it is all the same no matter what race we belong to. When we question this ordered and predetermined occurrence of events more often than not, we will be met with some resistance from different quarters of the society. The society is designed in such a way that we have the haves and the have-nots, the givers and the takers, and the powerful and the powerless. All of these people are comfortable in the roles they were programmed to play since birth, and if everyone plays their role then everyone is happy. Sometimes when a person critically assesses why some things are the way they are and tries to forge a new path for themselves, the society subconsciously tries to shut them down (Bradley, 2012). In most societies, disabled people are not expected to be better than able bodied individuals. When a blind friend of mine decided that he could sing and went ahead and started going to the studio to record his songs, he was met with ridicule and discouragement from everyone telling him that he was wasting money and time, and that no good would come of his efforts. This is because the society had a predetermined role for him to play and it did not

Advanced Managerial Accounting Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Advanced Managerial Accounting Report - Essay Example Most Managers inquire before implementing any of these cost systems where ABC is given a first priority due to its production costs that are considered higher to those of conventional banking (Weygandt, Kimmel, and Kieso 56). ABC is a contrast of conventional banking since it helped patients in their treatment when it came to hospitals. Conventional accounting is a simple method for managing costs compared to ABC. However, it is not accurate and most of the time is accompanied by under-costing and also over-costing. ABC is able to capture changes through direct measurement of activity levels thus adjusting from distortions that arise in the conventional cost system (Weygandt 45). However, there exists a similarity among these two cost systems where provision of costs similar to those of ABC can be structured by conventional accounting. In conclusion, both cost systems; ABC and conventional accounting have their place of application and duration of time matters. They all are implemented differently but all of these systems of accounting have a purpose in any business despite of different strengths and weaknesses. ABC works best for most businesses compared to conventional

Sport And Social Class

Sport And Social Class Today sport is seen as a symbol of unity for the young people, something you can do no matter what is your skin color or your social status. In the past the difference between social classes was notable, and often people were not allowed to train or participate in games because of their social status. In his book The Ancient Olympic Games, Judith Swaddling shows us the first social differences in sport. In those Olympics almost everyone was allowed to participate except the slaves, who were counted as items back then and giving any kind of freedom to these people was something unheard of. The big difference between classes back then was shown in the horse racing. In this sport you could participate only with your own horse, and since the one race was long at least 6 tracks the only people who could afford such training, and also to feed both the horse and rider. Also the Olive wreath was not awarded to the jockey, but to the horse owner which discriminated all of the jockey effort. There were also chariot races were chariot were pulled by two or four horses, there the principle remain the same and the horse owners gained all the fame, instead of the hard working jockeys. In the Middle Ages the difference between the rich and poor in the sport continued to grow. The Olympics of that time The Knight Tournaments were allowed only for aristocrats and royals and the poor were not allowed even as spectators. The poor people were left to be in a league of their own. During this period for the rich people the Bowls became one of the biggest sports in the country only because they loved to gamble on it. Also Colf (the today`s Golf) was very popular among the nobles . The peasants mainly trained with the sole purpose to be prepared for war, and this is the biggest reason why sword fighting and archery were so popular back then. ( Medieval Sports (2012). www.middle-ages.org.uk) During the Georgian era the class difference decreased. The main sport played back then was cricket and both rich and poor played it. The main changing factor was gambling to cricket which was something very popular for the rich. Often they hired people from the lower classes to play for their teams in exchange for money. Many of the lower class cricket players were offered work in the Lords mansions. A lot of the richer players were against this, mainly because they believed sport must remain clean, without any financial stimulation to the players. Of course the rich could afford to play and spend the time, but for the poor who needed to work extra hard to get their food this was unbelievable. This is the period when the first disputes between amateurs and professionals came up. In a popular article Sandiford (1983) shows us the difference between the social classes during the Victorian era is increased again. The amateurs (upper-class) were distancing themselves from the lower class professionals. Class distinctions were so big that both sides used different dressing rooms, used different trains to travel and etc. E.J. Tiger Smith of Warwickshire wrote- Even the stands were built with the idea of separating the elite from the multie. There were members pavilions, balconies, grandstands, and open areas-each denoting, trough price and usage, a certain social status. (Sandiford 1983, page 33). The amateurs officially claimed that they do everything because they want to keep the sport clean but, many historians doubt this and claim they dont want their games to attract attention from the lower classes and to be played for fun just between them. Even many clubs organized cricket games between the amateurs and the professionals the difference in the social class stayed many years ahead. The upper and lower class often hated each other and the games where the lower class won were remembered as remarkable. Many people nowadays claim that cricket is so unique game because of the amateurs and the fact that in so many years no one was remembered but the game was still the number 1 sport in the country. Many amateurs actually made money from cricket, by going to different countries on tours and making huge profit from it, but since it was unofficial payment nobody protested. Even until 1952 the difference between crickets remained as the journalist from the Financial Times, Rob Has tings wrote: When Len Hutton led the England team out to field against India at Headingley in the summer of 1952, so becoming the countrys first professional captain, he was quietly cocking a snook at the cricketing establishment. Cricketers in England had, for as long as anyone could remember, being divided by social hierarchy. There were the Gentlemen; and then there were the Players. For the Players, cricket was a living. They were from the working classes and were paid fees to play for their counties and their country. The Gentlemen, on the other hand, were from aristocratic backgrounds and were sufficiently well off to play for the love of the game alone. In his book Rugbys Great Split Tony Collins presents to us one of the biggest social battles in sport. In 1890 the working class clubs from North were in a big conflict with the southern clubs of gentlemen, (the upper class) because they could not turn professionals, and after furious disputes and refuse to step back from both sides. For a long time the working class people in the North liked to play the hacking game of rugby than any other. This sport was among the most popular ones in the north of England and most of the players were workers in the mines or the factories. The dream to play the game they love and get paid for doing this was so close to them, but the rich amateurs from the south were strictly against this and the Rugby Union federation which was located in the south did not let them to accept payments. The rugby players and official from the north decided to start their own league, which will be fully professional and players can be payed for playing their favorite g ame. The rivalry between the working class north and the upper class south increased after this decision. After the new found Rugby League was found mainly from teams from the North many amateurs came there to play for money, and also many northern clubs players and administration workers quit because they still believed in amateurism. This made the Rugby Union league even weaker causing a big problem for the Rugby Union, taking them 18 years to win another international championship.

Ethical Theories Essay

A virtue is a trait of a certain person that is valued as being good from a particular point of view and answers the question of what actions are moral and what are not. Also, morality is the basis of being ethically correct and good. There had been several different ethical theories that exist in the society and each having different standards or basis for morality. One of the well known theories in the contemporary time in the field is virtue ethics which is one of the 3 major normative ethics approaches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virtue ethics originated in the ancient Greek times that takes inspiration from the works of the Greek philosopher, Aristotle while other theories in virtue ethics also incorporate elements from the works of Hume, Plato, Aquinas and as well as Nietzsche. Basically, virtue ethics gives importance on the character of a person.   Thus, it is the character of a person that is the key element and the basis of being good or morally correct rather than laws/rules or even the consequences or outcome brought about by a particular action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to virtue ethics, we should look at the character of a person rather than his or her duties and actions. It is how one can be better person that is given emphasis rather than the right thing to do. It is easy to live a virtuous life according to Aristotle and that the main reason for those who do so is to be happy. Thus, a virtuous life gives happiness which is the main or ultimate goal of every human being according to virtue ethics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to become a better person, virtue ethics suggest that one must practice virtuous acts on a regular basis. These acts will eventually become habitual and thus, making the habit of doing such acts as a natural day to day activity which in the long run, will make the person a better being. Thus, the ultimate aim of the particular person is to make people happy. Virtue ethics suggests that a person living a virtuous life will eventually do virtuous things not only to be happy but as well as to make people happy which in turn will be their main objective and goal in life of a virtues person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virtue ethics also assumes that all humans have capacities that are inherited and that, as stated earlier, actions that could improve these capacities are considered as ethical and those that hinder the improvement of these capacities are not, that is, if an action is able to develop the potential of the particular person, it is the morally right thing to do and otherwise, morally wrong. These, inherited potentials, according to ethical theories are wisdom and intelligence and so, in order to live a virtues life, we must be able to develop our wisdom and intelligence. Thus, rather than trying to define goodness or righteousness, improving one’s character is given the importance and is the basis of ethically good actions and is virtue ethics’ central theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     By giving emphasis on the person’s being rather than actions, virtue ethics aims to achieve something that is genuinely wanted by the person rather than focusing on the incoherent ideas about the after-life which are found to be arguable. It is said that virtue ethics is applicable to all, can easily be understood and fits into both dos and don’ts of philosophies and as well as religion. Therefore, it is like a combination of both religion and philosophy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every ethical theory suggests standards of morality and according to virtue ethics, right actions are the results of being a moral person. It is by becoming a moral person that we will eventually know what actions are righteous from what are wrong and thus, we flourished as human beings. Virtue ethics also suggests that virtue is an important and admirable human characteristic just as courage and kindness. Virtue ethics also suggests that a good society is a result and accomplishments of virtuous people in that particular community. Thus, it can be said the virtue ethics is far more different than other ethical theories present such as Consequentialism that focuses on the results of a certain actions or Deontology that focuses on certain rules and duties of every individual as set by the society. Consequentialism would ask what actions will bring the most benefit and the least harm to the persons that are involved and will be affected by the action. On the other hand, Deontology will ask what actions are approved by the society and that are accordance to the moral rules or laws as dictated by the society or culture. Still, as mentioned earlier, virtue ethics does not focus on the action itself or on the result of that action or even in the set of rules that are present in the society but rather, on the character of the person involved in making the decision. By evaluating the points of these ethical theories, it can be said that all have their own strength and as well as weak points when it comes to decision making and one cannot be considered as superior to the other. Still, taking either side will also be dependent on the points of view of the person making the decision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One problem with virtue ethics is that it is mostly not applicable or of little help to persons who are facing dilemma. The same thing also goes for Consequentialism and Deontology.   If for example, you can save a friend by lying to a certain person or group, would lying be the action by a virtuous man or is it considered as a simple lie that a virtuous man should avoid? In this case, it can be said that virtue ethics cannot be applied and does not help the person in making a decision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another problem faced by virtue ethics is that it cannot justify a certain problem for doing so would require a basis of what is moral. In this case, the decision on which virtues are considered morally correct and which are not are has to be made which is definitely a hard thing to do. Thus justifying certain actions based on what virtues are moral and what are not are still a big question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, it can also be said that the one of the distinct strength of virtue ethics is that it gives emphasis on the connection between our characters and our acts. It also views our character as whole and unified rather than treating each as isolated when it comes to making ethical decisions. Thus, a person’s virtue is considered as a totality and not as fragment of different aspects and that one character/trait is not isolated from the other. Thus, virtue ethics looks at the individual, something that most ethical theories fail to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is no absolute theory that exists in which all will agree that it is definitely the right standard of living a virtuous life. Thus, every theory has its own critique and opponents. This is because of the difference in the experiences, knowledge and points of view of every individual, being unique in different ways. Thus, an ultimate theory can never really exist. The actions that must be taken by every individual defends on both his or her experiences and values together with the situation at hand and no theory will be able to solely suggest what ought to be and not be done. Therefore, decision making is not just a matter of theories and principles but of experiences, knowledge of the situation and of the people involved and the complete being of a person making the decision. Reference Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2000). Virtue Ethics. Retrieved April 28, 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-virtue/#3